Tips to Separate and Dispose of Used Masks and Gloves Safely

Throughout the global response to infectious outbreaks and pandemics such as COVID-19, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) -- notably face masks and gloves -- has dramatically increased. Despite their crucial role in protection, improper disposal of masks and gloves has created new environmental and health hazards. Learning the correct methods to separate and discard your used masks and gloves is essential for public safety, environmental protection, and responsible waste management.

Why Proper Disposal of Masks and Gloves Matters

The improper disposal of used face masks and gloves can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases, endanger waste handlers, and pollute the environment. Face coverings and gloves that are simply tossed onto streets or mixed with recyclables can contaminate water systems and pose risks to wildlife.

Health Risks: Used masks and gloves could carry pathogens and increase the risk of infection to others, especially sanitation workers.
Environmental Impacts: Many masks and gloves contain plastics; when carelessly discarded, they do not biodegrade, contributing to pollution.
Waste Management Issues: Improper disposal complicates recycling processes and increases operational costs for waste management services.

Taking the time to separate and dispose of these items correctly can make a significant difference.

waste collection household

Distinguishing Types of Masks and Gloves

Before disposing of PPE, it's crucial to recognize the type you are using, as disposal recommendations can vary.

Single-Use Disposable Masks: Most often made from non-woven plastic materials such as polypropylene.
Reusable Cloth Masks: Designed for multiple uses and washing, not for disposal after one use.
N95/FFP Respirators: Specialized masks primarily for health workers; these are usually single-use outside special guidelines.
Latex/Nitrile/Vinyl Gloves: Common single-use gloves often worn in healthcare or during shopping trips.

Can Masks and Gloves Be Recycled?

Unfortunately, most disposable face masks and gloves are not recyclable through standard household recycling programs. Their materials, which include plastic fibers and latex, can get tangled in recycling machinery or contaminate the recycling stream.

Do not dispose of used PPE in your household recycling bin.
Some specialized companies offer recycling programs for PPE, but these are still limited.
The safest option for most people is to treat used masks and gloves as general waste.

Step-By-Step Guide: Safe Separation and Disposal of Used Masks and Gloves

1. Prepare for Disposal

Find a Waste Bin: Always identify a lined, covered waste bin for mask and glove disposal.
Keep Separate: If possible, keep a dedicated bag or container for collecting used PPE before placing in the trash.

2. Remove PPE Properly

Avoid Touching the Front: Always remove masks and gloves by the ear loops or cuffs, never touching the outside surfaces, as they could be contaminated.
Do not touch your face, eyes, or mouth while removing masks or gloves.

3. Dispose According to Local Guidelines

Place in a Sealed Bag: Drop used masks and gloves into a small plastic or biodegradable bag and seal it tightly.
General Waste Bin: Deposit the sealed bag in your general (non-recyclable) waste bin.
Never: Throw used PPE on the ground, flush down toilets, or place in recycling bins unless explicitly permitted by local authorities.

4. Sanitize Hands After Disposal

Immediately wash hands with soap and water for a minimum of 20 seconds after handling used masks or gloves.
If soap and water are unavailable, use a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.

These practices reduce the risk of cross-contamination and protect both individuals and the environment.

Special Cases: Disposal from Infected or Quarantined Households

If you or a household member are confirmed or suspected to have a contagious illness, enhanced disposal methods may be recommended:

Double-Bag Method: Place used PPE in one bag, seal it, and then place that bag inside a second bag before discarding in the trash.
Wait Before Disposal: Some guidelines recommend keeping the bagged waste isolated for 72 hours before adding to communal waste bins to reduce risk further.

Protecting Waste Handlers

Properly bagging and isolating PPE waste ensures sanitation workers are less exposed to potentially infectious materials. Clear, sealed bags minimize accidental contact and support safer waste collection.

Environmental Considerations: Reducing PPE Waste

While safe disposal is a priority, minimizing your PPE waste can have environmental benefits without sacrificing safety. Consider the following:

Use Reusable Cloth Masks: Where appropriate, use washable, reusable masks instead of disposable masks to reduce waste.
Only Wear Gloves When Necessary: In many cases, frequent hand washing is a better defense than gloves for everyday activities outside of healthcare settings.
Purchase Responsibly: Avoid stockpiling more PPE than you need. This prevents unnecessary waste and supply shortages.

Supporting Responsible Production

Look for PPE suppliers who use sustainable materials and offer guidance on proper disposal. Some companies now manufacture biodegradable masks and gloves as more eco-friendly solutions, although these should still be disposed of cautiously to avoid litter.

What If You Find Discarded Masks and Gloves?

What should you do if you come across littered PPE? You should avoid picking it up with your bare hands. Instead:

Use a litter picker or wear disposable gloves to collect the item.
Place it in a sealed bag before adding it to a general waste bin.
Immediately wash or sanitize your hands after disposing of the waste and gloves, if used.

This reduces the spread of contaminants and protects community public health.

Best Practices for Businesses and Public Spaces

How Employers and Facility Managers Can Help

Provide labeled bins specifically for PPE disposal in visible, accessible locations.
Regularly empty and sanitize waste bins to prevent overflow and exposure.
Educate employees and visitors on proper mask and glove disposal practices using signs or digital communication.
Ensure waste is removed and handled following local health protocols.

Frequently Asked Questions About Mask and Glove Disposal

Can I throw my mask or gloves in compost?
No, most masks and gloves are made from synthetic plastic fibers that do not break down in compost. Only masks specifically labeled as compostable should be treated as compostable waste, and then follow local composting regulations.
How should I dispose of masks and gloves at work?
Use the dedicated PPE waste bins provided. If not available, place them in a sealed bag and dispose of them in a general waste bin.
What if my area has special PPE recycling?
If your community has established drop-off sites or collection boxes for used masks and gloves, follow those specific instructions.
Is it safe to reuse disposable masks or gloves?
No. Disposable face masks and gloves are designed for single use and lose their protective properties once worn.